Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating condition characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and progressive vascular remodelling, leading to exercise intolerance.The progression of PAH is regulated at a cellular and molecular level which influences various physiological processes.Exercise plays an important role in imp

Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is a destructive pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) crop in Pakistan.Although insecticides are the primary management strategy used to control H.armigera, most of them are not effective due to considerable toxic residual effects on the fruits.Nonetheless, H.armigera is rapidly evolving resistance against t

Patients with major upper gastrointestinal (UGI) resections that were made nil by mouth for 7-10 days postoperatively with pre-existing weight loss and depleted energy reserves in addition to increased metabolic rate needs nutritional support which serves to shorten the postoperative recovery phase and Hireage minimizes the number of complications.

In light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the concepts of flexibility and re-configurability of manufacturing systems and the evolution of their control architectures are becoming increasingly important.The development of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and their flexibility and integrated capabilities have paved the way to the transition from cen